Oliver Tambo, u-Congress Mbata, no-Lancelot Gama ngo-1940
Iinkokheli Ezisakhulayo zeFort Hare: u-Oliver Tambo, u-Congress Mbata, no-Lancelot Gama ngo-1940
Ngo-1940, kumhlaba we-University College of Fort Hare e-Dikeni, eMpuma Koloni, abafana abathathu ababambisayo ngezinxibo zabo babamba umzuzu owawuza kuhlala ukhunjulwa kwimbali yoMzantsi Afrika. Ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene: u-Oliver Tambo ohleli kwicala lasekhohlo, u-Congress Mbata ome ngokubonakalayo phakathi ebeke isandla sakhe kwisihlalo sikaTambo, kunye no-Lancelot Gama ohleli kwicala lasekunene. Le foto emnyama nemhlophe, egcinwe kwingqokelela yabucala yombhali-mbali uLuli Callinicos kwaye inikezelwe kuGqirha Lancelot Gama, ibonakalisa ukhuseleko nemithemba phakathi kwelizwe elalizaliswe lucalulo nengcinezelo phantsi kolawulo lwamathile.
IYunivesithi yaseFort Hare, eyasekwa ngo-1916, yayisisibane esinqabileyo semfundo ephakamileyo yabaNtsundu phantsi kwenkqubo yocalulo. Yayibizwa ngokuba yi-“native Oxford,” itsala abafundi abanomdla nabanomdla ekufundeni baphuma kumazantsi e-Afrika iphela, kwaye yakhulisa isizukulwana seenkokheli ezaziza kucela umngeni kulawulo lwabambalwa abamhlophe. Uluhlu lwabafundi bayo abaphumeleleyo lufana noluhlu lweenkokheli ezinkulu zase-Afrika: uNelson Mandela, uRobert Sobukwe, uGovan Mbeki, nabanye abaninzi. Ngeminyaka yoo-1930 noo-1940, iyunivesithi yayiphithizela ziingxoxo zezopolitiko, uqhankqalazo lwabafundi, nemibono ye-Afrika ekhululekileyo.
U-Oliver Tambo (1917–1993), ohleli ekhohlo, wayesele eqala ukuvela njengenkokheli ecinga nzulu. Wazalelwa ezilalini zaselwandle e-Pondoland, wagqwesa ezifundweni zakhe, wafika eFort Hare ngo-1938 eze kufunda ezesayensi (Science). Wafumana isidanga sakhe se-BSc ngo-1941, nangona ixesha lakhe apho laquka imisebenzi yezopolitiko—wagxothwa okwethutyana ngo-1940 ngenxa yokuthatha inxaxheba kuqhankqalazo lwabafundi, ekunye noMandela. UTambo waseka i-ANC Youth League ngo-1944, wasebenzisana noMandela kwi-ofisi yabamagqwetha yokuqala yabaNtsundu eMzantsi Afrika, kwaye waba nguMongameli we-ANC elubhaxameni (1967–1991). Ubuchule bakhe kwezozakuzo badibanisa inkxaso yehlabathi ekulwuleni ucalulo (apartheid), egcina intshukumo iqinile kwiminyaka emnyama de kwayimfa yakhe kufuphi nexesha ledemokhrasi ngo-1994. IFort Hare kamva yamwonga njengo-Chancellor wayo ukususela ngo-1991.
U-Congress Mbata (igama elizeleyo ngu-J. Congress M. Mbata, owazalwa ngo-1919 eRhawutini), ome embindini, weza nembono yasezidolophini neyeengqondi. Wafunda kwisikolo semfundo ephakamileyo iSt. Peter’s, eFort Hare, nakwiYunivesithi yaseWitwatersrand. Wayefundisa eSt. Peter’s ngo-1940 kwaye ekhokela umbutho weetitshala, i-Transvaal African Teachers’ Association. UMbata waba negalelo kuxwebhu lwe-“Africans’ Claims” luka-1943 olwalubanga amalungelo, kwaye naye wancedisa ekusekweni kwe-ANC Youth League, apho waba liSekela lika-Anton Lembede okwethutyana. Kamva wagxila kwezemfundo, waba yinqununu eVereeniging phambi kokuba ashiye uMzantsi Afrika ngeminyaka yoo-1960 esiya kuthatha izikhundla zemfundo ephakamileyo e-United States, kuquka iiyunivesithi zaseNorthwestern neCornell.
Iinkcukacha ngo-Lancelot Gama, ohleli ekunene, zinqabile, kodwa ukubakho kwakhe kule foto—ekunye nala magama ancomayo athi bobathathu baza kuba ngabantu ababalulekileyo—kubonakalisa indima yakhe kwisangqa sabafundi abaqhwayi baseFort Hare. Njengomninikhaya wale foto (owaba nguGqirha kamva), uGama umele uthungelwano olubanzi lwabaNtsundu abafundileyo ababehamba endleleni enzima ngenxa yemiqobo yocalulo.
Lo mfanekiso umisa ixesha elibalulekileyo: abafana eFort Hare bakha ubudlelwane obabuza kuphembelela umzabalazo wokuchasana nocalulo. Ubunkokheli bukaTambo obungagungqiyo elubhaxameni, igalelo likaMbata kwisiseko semibutho, nokubaluleka kukaGama, konke oku kugxininisa ifuthe lale yunivesithi. Njengoko ucalulo lwalusiba qatha, abaphumeleleyo baseFort Hare bawuthwala loo moya baye phambili, bancedisa ekwakheni uMzantsi Afrika okhululekileyo. Namhlanje, eli ziko lihlala lisisimboli sokuqinisela, lisikhumbuza ukuba imfundo nobudlelwane bunokuphembelela inguqu enzulu njani na.
